History of Uruguay
The history of Uruguay is marked by the quest for independence and the establishment of a stable democracy. Before European colonization, the area was inhabited by the Charrúa Indians.
1516: First European discovery | 1680: Foundation of Colonia del Sacramento | 1726: Foundation of Montevideo | 1825: Declaration of independence | 1828: Recognized sovereignty
In the 16th century, Spanish and Portuguese colonizers came to the area. The strategic location on the Río de la Plata led to centuries-long conflicts between Spain and Portugal over control of the region.
The independence movement began in 1811 under the leadership of José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguay's national hero. After years of struggle and occupation by Brazil, Uruguay declared its independence in 1825, which was internationally recognized in 1828.
In the 20th century, Uruguay established itself as one of the most stable democracies in Latin America. The country introduced important social reforms early on, including women's suffrage (1927) and the separation of church and state.
The military dictatorship from 1973 to 1985 was a dark chapter, but since the return to democracy, Uruguay has established itself as a model for human rights and progressive politics in the region.